Why is my spendable XRP lower than my balance?

XRP Ledger requires account reserve. Its base reserve applies to the account, and owner reserve can apply to chargeable objects such as open offers, trustlines and Tickets. Exceptions depend on the object and ledger rules.

Your total XRP balance is not necessarily spendable XRP. Keep enough XRP for the current reserve, network fees and the transaction you are reviewing. A newly created object can raise the requirement; removing an eligible object can reduce it after validation. It does not refund a transaction fee.

Reserve parameters can change through the ledger’s governance. Check the current values on the active network and the app’s reserve breakdown instead of treating a number in an old article as permanent. Closing a wallet app does not delete ledger objects or release reserve.